Comments: Av. paradigm A ( bér-zul,búr-dul); cf. also the locative stem bá-di. Within Andian some forms (Botl., God.; cf. also Cham. Gig. haj) go back to the simple root *harHi, but most forms reflect the diminutive derivate *har(Hi)-ḳV. In Akhvakh there occurred a metathesis: ḳeha < *heḳa < *harHi-ḳV.
Comments: An archaic compound, preserved only in Akhv. Within Andian it could be analyzed as "eye"+"see" (etymology of the compound -gu- see under *-agwV); however a precise equation Akhv. hari-gu- = Lak. -uru-gʷa- 'to look' makes us think that hari- here represents a different root.
Comments: The morpheme *ħo- (more rarely - *ħi-), sometimes with loss of initial *ħ-, is the general pronoun stem for near deixis in Andian languages. In some languages (Av., And.) the variants *ħo- and *ħi- are separated, the 1st denoting 'this (near the speaker)' and the 2d - 'this (near the listener)'; but it is not clear if this distinction is archaic.
With an adverbial suffix *-nV the stem means 'inside': And. hinu, Cham. ini (Gig. hini), Tind. hini.
Comments: A reduplicated stem. Cf. also Akhv. Tseg. hohom-ʎer, Tlan. huhun-ʎiler 'shadow, coolness', Kar. Tok. hohumu-b 'cool'. Perhaps we should reconstruct also a non-reduplicated *-iħʷV(n)- and compare Av. raʕád 'shadow' ( < *r-iʕa(n)-d).
Comments: Cf. also Cham. Gig. hinz- 'to stand up', hinzi 'high'. Tind. hec:- 'to stand up (from a sitting position)' is modified from *hec̣- under the influence of heč:- 'to stand up'.
Comments: The root is normally extended by suffixes (-rV, -ḳV, -bV). Cf. also Cham. Gig. haḳuba-b, Bagv. Tlis. harč̣a-b, Kar. Tok. harḳiba-b (-r- in the last two forms is obviously secondary).
Comments: Avar has preserved the root only in oblique cases. Cf. also Av. Chad. ʕadá-maħu / ʕadá-naħu; Cham. U.-Gakv. han 'fruit-stone' (Tind. hani also has this meaning).
Comments: In Kar. besides ho- there exists a synonymous variant wu- (wu-ʎu-b,wu-gu-b,wu-du-b). The stem *ħu- 'that' is opposed to PA *ħo-/*ħi- 'this' (q.v.), although they sometimes get contaminated. It is often used in conjunction with another PA deictic rood *dV- q.v. Some languages reveal here (as also in the case of *ħo-/*ħi- ) a loss of initial *ħ-: it is possible that a combination of deictic (emphatic) *ħV- + deictic *ʔu- is reflected.
Meaning:1 stalk, stem 2 post, prop 3 thick stick, log
Avar:máħu 1
Andian language:huma 1,2
Akhvakh:huma 2,3
Chamalal:huma 1,2
Tindi:huma 1,2
Karata:huma 1,2
Godoberi:huma 1,2
Comments: Av. paradigm C (maħá-lzul,máħa-bi) is probably secondary, due to contamination with máħu 'leg, foot' (q.v.). Cf. also Akhv. Tseg., Ratl. homa, Kar. Tok. huma 'log'.
Comments: Av. paradigm C (hurmá-l,húrma-l; Chad. id.) Cf. also Akhv. Tlan. haq̇:al, Ratl. hama-q̇al. The Akhv. form reflects a compound where the second part is PA *q̇ili 'mouth' q.v.
